Embark on a 10-day journey through Guatemala, starting in the picturesque city of Antigua where you'll explore historic landmarks like the Santa Catalina Arch and La Merced Church, before venturing to the serene Lake Atitlán to discover Mayan villages and the Atitlán Nature Reserve. Continue your adventure to the vibrant Chichicastenango Market, then immerse yourself in the ancient mysteries of Tikal National Park with its towering temples and pyramids. End your trip back in Antigua, where you can unwind at luxury accommodations like Casa Santo Domingo and experience the thrill of hiking Pacaya Volcano. From cultural treasures to natural wonders, Guatemala awaits your exploration.
Your adventure begins in the enchanting city of Antigua, Guatemala, where the cobblestone streets whisper tales of colonial history. The first stop is the iconic Santa Catalina Arch, a stunning yellow archway that has become a symbol of the city. Originally built in the 17th century to allow nuns to cross between convent buildings without stepping outside, this architectural gem offers a perfect backdrop for photographs. As you stand beneath the arch, take a moment to appreciate the breathtaking views of the surrounding volcanoes, particularly the majestic Volcán de Agua, which looms in the distance, creating a picturesque scene that captures the essence of Antigua. Next, make your way to Cerro de la Cruz, a popular viewpoint that rewards you with panoramic vistas of the city and its volcanic surroundings. The hike to the cross at the summit is invigorating, and as you ascend, the lush greenery envelops you, providing a serene escape from the bustling streets below. Once at the top, the sight of Antigua sprawled out beneath you, framed by the dramatic peaks of the volcanoes, is nothing short of awe-inspiring. This vantage point is perfect for capturing the beauty of the city and reflecting on the rich history that has shaped it. Conclude your day with a visit to the Antigua Guatemala Cathedral, a partially ruined yet majestic structure that stands as a testament to the city’s resilience. The cathedral, originally built in the 16th century, has endured numerous earthquakes, leaving behind a hauntingly beautiful facade and intriguing ruins. As you wander through the remnants of this once-grand building, you can almost hear the echoes of the past, from the prayers of the faithful to the vibrant ceremonies that once filled its halls. The crypts beneath the cathedral add an air of mystery, inviting you to delve deeper into the history of this remarkable site.
The Santa Catalina Arch is a iconic landmark in Antigua, Guatemala, offering stunning views of the city and surrounding volcanoes. It was originally built in the 17th century as a passageway for nuns to cross between buildings. Today, it is a popular spot for tourists to take photos and admire the colonial architecture.
Cerro de la Cruz is a popular viewpoint in Antigua, Guatemala, offering panoramic views of the city and surrounding volcanoes. Visitors can hike or take a short taxi ride to reach the cross at the top of the hill, where they can capture stunning photos of Antigua's colonial architecture and natural beauty.
The Antigua Guatemala Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of San José, is a partially ruined yet majestic landmark. Explore the remaining facade and towers, wander through the ruins of the original structure, and descend into the crypts beneath. The site offers a glimpse into Antigua's rich history and the devastating earthquakes that shaped its landscape. It's a must-see for history buffs and architecture enthusiasts.
Day two in Antigua invites you to delve deeper into the city’s rich cultural tapestry, starting with a visit to La Merced Church. This baroque-style church, with its intricate facade and vibrant interior, is a feast for the senses. As you step inside, the colorful frescoes and ornate decorations transport you to a different era, where faith and artistry intertwined. Climbing the bell tower rewards you with sweeping views of the city, allowing you to appreciate the stunning architecture and the surrounding landscape from a unique perspective. The church’s history, dating back to the 18th century, adds depth to your visit, as you learn about its role in the community and the preservation of local traditions. After soaking in the beauty of La Merced, head to Central Park, the vibrant heart of Antigua. This lively square is surrounded by historical buildings, and the iconic La Sirena fountain serves as a focal point for both locals and visitors. Take a moment to relax on a bench, savoring the atmosphere filled with laughter, music, and the aroma of street food wafting through the air. Street vendors showcase their crafts, offering a glimpse into the local culture and providing the perfect opportunity to pick up unique souvenirs. Central Park is not just a place to rest; it’s a hub of activity where you can witness the daily life of Antiguans and perhaps even catch a local festival or event. Your day concludes with a return to the Arco de Santa Catalina, a beloved landmark that beautifully encapsulates Antigua’s colonial charm. Originally built to connect the Santa Catalina convent to a school, this archway has become a symbol of the city. As the sun sets, the vibrant yellow facade glows against the backdrop of the volcanoes, creating a magical scene. This is the perfect spot to reflect on your day, capturing the essence of Antigua in photographs that will last a lifetime.
La Merced Church is a beautiful baroque-style church in Antigua, Guatemala, known for its intricate facade and stunning interior. Visitors can admire the ornate decorations, colorful frescoes, and impressive altar. The church also offers panoramic views of the city from its bell tower, making it a must-visit attraction for history and architecture enthusiasts.
Central Park, the heart of Antigua, is a vibrant hub surrounded by historical buildings. Relax on a bench, admire the iconic La Sirena fountain, and soak in the atmosphere. Street vendors offer local crafts and snacks. It's a perfect spot for people-watching, enjoying the colonial architecture, and experiencing the local culture. The park is also a popular gathering place for festivals and events.
The Arco de Santa Catalina is a iconic archway in Antigua, Guatemala. Originally built to connect the Santa Catalina convent to a school, allowing the nuns to pass between buildings without going on the street. Today, it's a beloved landmark, offering stunning views of Volcán Agua and a perfect photo opportunity. The vibrant yellow facade and cobblestone street create a picturesque scene, embodying Antigua's colonial charm.
Day three takes you to the breathtaking shores of Lake Atitlán, a destination renowned for its stunning natural beauty and vibrant Mayan culture. Begin your adventure with a hike up San Pedro Volcano, where the challenging ascent rewards you with unparalleled views of the lake and its surrounding highlands. As you navigate the winding trails through lush forests, the sounds of nature envelop you, creating a serene atmosphere. Upon reaching the summit, the sight of Lake Atitlán’s shimmering waters, framed by towering volcanoes, is a moment that will stay with you forever. This is not just a hike; it’s an experience that connects you to the land and its ancient history. After descending from the volcano, immerse yourself in the rich culture of the Mayan villages that dot the lake’s shores. Each village has its own unique traditions and crafts, offering a glimpse into the lives of the local communities. In San Juan la Laguna, visit weaving cooperatives where artisans create beautiful textiles using traditional techniques. Santiago Atitlán, known for its vibrant market and syncretic religious practices, invites you to explore its colorful stalls and learn about the Tz'utujil culture. Boat trips connect these villages, providing stunning views of the lake and a chance to engage with the friendly locals who are eager to share their stories. Conclude your day at the Atitlán Nature Reserve, a peaceful retreat that showcases the region’s diverse flora and fauna. The reserve offers well-marked trails for hiking, birdwatching, and wildlife spotting, allowing you to connect with nature in a tranquil setting. As you wander through the butterfly garden and along the scenic paths, take a moment to appreciate the beauty of the landscape and the importance of conservation efforts in preserving this unique ecosystem. The reserve is a perfect way to unwind after a day of exploration, leaving you with a sense of peace and connection to the natural world.
Hike to the summit of San Pedro Volcano for breathtaking panoramic views of Lake Atitlán and the surrounding Mayan highlands. The challenging climb winds through lush forests, offering glimpses of diverse flora and fauna. At the top, be rewarded with unparalleled vistas of the lake's shimmering waters, the other volcanoes, and the charming villages dotting the shoreline. A truly unforgettable experience for adventurous hikers.
Explore the diverse Mayan villages surrounding Lake Atitlán, each with its own unique traditions, textiles, and crafts. Visit San Juan la Laguna for weaving cooperatives, Santiago Atitlán for its syncretic religious practices, or Santa Cruz la Laguna for hiking trails with breathtaking lake views. Immerse yourself in the local culture, learn about Mayan history, and support the communities through responsible tourism. Boat trips connect the villages, offering stunning scenic views.
Atitlán Nature Reserve is a protected area on the shores of Lake Atitlán, offering opportunities for hiking, birdwatching, and wildlife spotting. Visitors can explore the reserve's trails, visit the butterfly garden, or take a guided tour to learn about the local flora and fauna. The reserve is a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of the surrounding towns.
Your fourth day at Lake Atitlán invites you to explore the charming village of Santa Cruz La Laguna, a hidden gem known for its stunning views and laid-back atmosphere. As you stroll through the narrow streets, the vibrant colors of local artisan shops catch your eye, showcasing handmade crafts and textiles that reflect the rich cultural heritage of the region. The village is a perfect place to relax and soak in the natural beauty surrounding you, with the lake’s tranquil waters and the majestic volcanoes providing a breathtaking backdrop. Consider taking a short hike to nearby waterfalls, where the sound of cascading water adds to the serene ambiance. Next, venture to Santiago Atitlán, a traditional Mayan village that offers a deeper understanding of the local culture. The town’s colorful market is a feast for the senses, filled with the vibrant hues of textiles, fresh produce, and handmade goods. As you explore the market, engage with local vendors who are eager to share their stories and traditions. Visit the local church, where you can witness the unique blend of Catholic and Mayan beliefs that characterize the community. Santiago Atitlán is not just a place to visit; it’s an opportunity to connect with the heart and soul of Mayan culture. Conclude your day in Panajachel, the bustling gateway to Lake Atitlán. This lively town offers a variety of shops, restaurants, and markets, making it an ideal spot to unwind after a day of exploration. Take a leisurely stroll along the lakeshore, where you can enjoy the stunning sunset over the water, painting the sky in hues of orange and pink. Consider indulging in a delicious meal at one of the local restaurants, where you can savor traditional Guatemalan cuisine while enjoying the vibrant atmosphere of the town. Panajachel is the perfect place to reflect on your experiences and prepare for the adventures that lie ahead.
Santa Cruz La Laguna is a charming village on the shores of Lake Atitlán, known for its stunning views of the lake and surrounding volcanoes. Visitors can explore the village's narrow streets, visit local artisans, and hike to the nearby waterfalls. It's a great place to relax and enjoy the natural beauty of the lake.
Santiago Atitlán is a traditional Mayan village on the southern shore of Lake Atitlán. Visitors can explore the town's colorful market, visit the local church, and learn about the Tz'utujil culture. The town is also known for its textile weaving and traditional handicrafts, making it a great place to shop for souvenirs.
Panajachel is the main gateway to Lake Atitlan and a bustling town with a vibrant atmosphere. Visitors can explore the local markets, shop for traditional handicrafts, or take a boat tour of the lake to visit the nearby villages. The town also offers a variety of restaurants serving delicious Guatemalan cuisine and opportunities for water sports such as kayaking and jet skiing.
Day five takes you to Chichicastenango, home to one of the largest and most famous markets in Guatemala. The Chichicastenango Market is a vibrant explosion of color and culture, where local artisans display their handmade crafts, textiles, and traditional Mayan goods. As you wander through the bustling stalls, the lively atmosphere is infectious, with the sounds of bargaining and laughter filling the air. This market, held on Thursdays and Sundays, is not just a shopping destination; it’s a cultural experience that allows you to interact with the local community and witness the rich traditions that have been passed down through generations. While in Chichicastenango, a visit to the Iglesia de Santo Tomás is a must. This historic church, with its striking facade and unique blend of Catholic and Mayan religious practices, offers a fascinating insight into the spiritual life of the community. The church’s courtyard is often filled with locals performing traditional rituals, creating a captivating atmosphere that reflects the deep-rooted beliefs of the Mayan people. As you explore the church’s interior, take note of the intricate stonework and colorful decorations that tell the story of a culture that has thrived for centuries. Your day concludes with a hike to Pascual Abaj, an ancient Mayan shrine located on a hill overlooking Chichicastenango. This sacred site, dedicated to the Mayan deity Pascual Abaj, offers not only a glimpse into the spiritual practices of the past but also breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. As you hike to the shrine, the tranquility of the area envelops you, providing a moment of reflection and connection to the ancient traditions that still resonate today. Witnessing the blending of ancient and modern beliefs at this mystical site is a powerful reminder of the enduring legacy of the Mayan civilization.
Chichicastenango Market is one of the largest and most famous markets in Guatemala, known for its vibrant atmosphere and colorful displays of traditional Mayan handicrafts, textiles, and souvenirs. Visitors can explore the market stalls, interact with local artisans, and experience the rich cultural heritage of the region. The market takes place on Thursdays and Sundays and is a must-visit for anyone interested in indigenous Guatemalan culture.
Iglesia de Santo Tomás is a historic church located in Chichicastenango, known for its unique blend of Catholic and Mayan religious traditions. The church features a striking facade with intricate stonework and colorful decorations, as well as a courtyard where traditional Mayan rituals are still performed. Visitors can explore the church's interior, attend a mass, and learn about the fascinating cultural fusion that defines this sacred site.
Pascual Abaj is an ancient Mayan shrine located on a hill overlooking Chichicastenango, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The shrine is dedicated to the Mayan deity Pascual Abaj and is a sacred site where traditional rituals and ceremonies are still practiced. Visitors can hike to the shrine, learn about Mayan spirituality, and witness the blending of ancient and modern beliefs in this mystical setting.
Day six transports you to the ancient world of the Maya as you explore Tikal National Park, one of the largest archaeological sites of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. As you enter the park, the sounds of the jungle surround you, creating an atmosphere of mystery and adventure. The towering temples and pyramids rise majestically from the lush greenery, inviting you to step back in time and imagine the vibrant civilization that once thrived here. Tikal is not just a collection of ruins; it’s a UNESCO World Heritage site that offers a glimpse into the architectural and cultural achievements of the Maya. Your exploration begins at the Great Plaza, the heart of Tikal, where you can marvel at the iconic Temple I, also known as the Temple of the Grand Jaguar. This impressive structure served as a funerary monument for a powerful ruler and showcases the architectural prowess of the Maya. As you stand before the temple, take a moment to appreciate the intricate carvings and the historical significance of this site. The Great Plaza is also surrounded by other impressive structures, each telling its own story of the ancient civilization that once inhabited this area. Climbing Temple IV, the tallest structure in Tikal, offers a unique perspective of the surrounding jungle and the other temples. The ascent is rewarding, as the panoramic views from the top are nothing short of breathtaking. Standing atop this ancient pyramid, you can see the vast expanse of the jungle stretching out before you, a reminder of the natural beauty that coexists with the remnants of the past. This experience is not just about the views; it’s about connecting with the history and culture of the Maya, making it a highlight of your journey.
Tikal National Park is home to the ancient Mayan ruins of Tikal, one of the largest archaeological sites of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. Visitors can explore the impressive temples, pyramids, and palaces surrounded by lush jungle. The park also offers opportunities for birdwatching and wildlife spotting, making it a must-visit destination for history and nature enthusiasts.
Temple IV is the tallest structure in Tikal, offering panoramic views of the surrounding jungle and other temples. Climbing to the top of this pyramid provides a unique perspective of the ancient Mayan city and is a popular activity for visitors seeking a memorable experience. The temple's impressive architecture and historical significance make it a must-see attraction in Tikal.
The Great Plaza is the heart of Tikal, surrounded by towering temples and palaces. Explore the iconic Temple I (Temple of the Grand Jaguar) and Temple II, marvel at the intricate stelae and altars, and imagine the vibrant ceremonies that once took place here. It's a central gathering place and a must-see for understanding the scale and grandeur of this ancient Mayan city.
Your seventh day in Tikal continues to unveil the wonders of the ancient Maya civilization, starting with a visit to the Temple of the Grand Jaguar, also known as Temple I. This iconic stepped pyramid is not only a funerary monument but also a symbol of Tikal’s power and architectural brilliance. As you approach the temple, the intricate roof comb and the grandeur of its structure leave you in awe. Climbing to the top, if permitted, offers a unique vantage point to appreciate the surrounding jungle and the other temples that dot the landscape. The history embedded in this site is palpable, making it a must-see for anyone interested in the rich tapestry of Maya culture. Next, explore Mundo Perdido, or the Lost World, one of the oldest and largest architectural complexes at Tikal. This area provides a fascinating glimpse into the earlier stages of Tikal’s development, with its impressive Great Pyramid standing as a testament to the ingenuity of the Maya. As you wander through the complex, the tranquility of the surroundings allows for reflection on the lives of those who once inhabited this remarkable city. The less crowded atmosphere here offers a chance to connect with the history in a more intimate setting, making it a highlight of your visit. Conclude your day at Complex Q, a group of interconnected structures that served as residential and administrative buildings for the ancient elite. As you explore the various courtyards and palaces, you gain insights into the social structure and daily life of the Maya. The intricate architecture and the stories behind each building provide a deeper understanding of the civilization that once thrived here. This exploration of Tikal is not just about the ruins; it’s about immersing yourself in the history and culture that shaped this incredible site.
Also known as Temple I, the Temple of the Grand Jaguar is an iconic stepped pyramid rising dramatically from the Great Plaza. This imposing structure served as a funerary monument for Jasaw Chan K'awiil I, a powerful Tikal ruler. Admire its intricate roof comb and climb (if permitted) for panoramic views of the surrounding jungle and other temples. It's a symbol of Tikal's power and architectural prowess.
Mundo Perdido, or the Lost World, is one of the oldest and largest architectural complexes at Tikal. Explore its impressive Great Pyramid, which offers stunning views of the surrounding jungle canopy. This area provides a glimpse into the earlier stages of Tikal's development and offers a quieter, less crowded experience compared to the Great Plaza. It's a fascinating journey through time.
Complex Q is a group of interconnected structures in Tikal that served as residential and administrative buildings for the ancient Mayan elite. Visitors can explore the various courtyards, palaces, and temples that make up this complex, gaining insights into the social structure and daily life of the Mayan civilization. The intricate architecture and historical significance of Complex Q make it a must-see attraction in Tikal.
Your eighth day in Tikal offers more opportunities to delve into the ancient Maya civilization, starting with a visit to the Temple of the Masks, also known as Temple II. This significant pyramid is adorned with intricate carvings that tell stories of the past. Climbing the steep steps provides not only a physical challenge but also a rewarding view of the Great Plaza and the surrounding jungle. As you stand atop this temple, the sense of history is overwhelming, allowing you to connect with the ancient rituals and ceremonies that once took place here. Next, explore the North Acropolis, a complex of temples, pyramids, and tombs that served as a burial site for the Maya elite. The intricate carvings and sculptures that adorn the structures offer a glimpse into the religious and funerary practices of the ancient civilization. As you wander through this sacred site, the stories of the rulers and their beliefs come to life, providing a deeper understanding of the cultural significance of the area. The North Acropolis is a testament to the architectural prowess of the Maya and their connection to the spiritual world. Conclude your day at the Lost World Pyramid, a massive structure that served as a ceremonial center for the ancient Maya. The grandeur of the pyramid and the surrounding plazas create a sense of awe, inviting you to reflect on the rituals and beliefs that once defined this civilization. As you explore the site, the blending of nature and history becomes apparent, with the jungle reclaiming its space around the ancient structures. This day in Tikal is a powerful reminder of the enduring legacy of the Maya and the importance of preserving their history for future generations.
Temple II, also known as the Temple of the Masks, is a significant Mayan pyramid at Tikal. Climb the steep steps (partially reconstructed) for panoramic views of the Great Plaza and surrounding jungle. Admire the intricate carvings and learn about the Mayan civilization that once thrived here. Explore the adjacent North Acropolis and immerse yourself in the rich history and architectural grandeur of this ancient city.
The North Acropolis is a complex of temples, pyramids, and tombs in Tikal that served as a burial site for the Mayan elite. Visitors can explore the intricate carvings and sculptures that adorn the structures, as well as learn about the religious and funerary practices of the ancient civilization. The site's historical significance and architectural beauty make it a must-visit attraction in Tikal.
The Lost World Pyramid is a massive structure in Tikal that served as a ceremonial center for the ancient Mayan civilization. Visitors can marvel at the pyramid's grandeur and explore the surrounding plazas and temples that make up this archaeological complex. The site offers insights into Mayan rituals and beliefs, making it a fascinating destination for history buffs and archaeology enthusiasts.
Your ninth day brings you back to Antigua, where the charm of the city continues to captivate. Begin your exploration at Casa Santo Domingo, a luxury hotel and museum complex housed in a former monastery. As you wander through the beautifully landscaped gardens and art galleries, the history of the site unfolds before you. The remnants of the monastery, combined with modern amenities, create a unique atmosphere that invites relaxation and reflection. Take your time to appreciate the art and artifacts on display, which showcase the rich cultural heritage of the region. Next, venture to Hobbitenango, an eco-lodge and restaurant inspired by J.R.R. Tolkien's 'The Hobbit.' Nestled in the hills above Antigua, this whimsical destination offers a chance to stay in hobbit-style cabins and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The playful design and eco-friendly ethos create a magical experience, making it a perfect spot for nature lovers. Enjoy a meal in the hobbit-themed restaurant, where the ambiance is as delightful as the food, and consider exploring the hiking trails that wind through the picturesque hills. Conclude your day with an adventure to Pacaya Volcano, an active volcano near Antigua. The hike to the summit is exhilarating, offering the chance to witness volcanic activity up close, including steam vents and lava flows. As you ascend, the landscape transforms, revealing stunning views of the surrounding area. Reaching the summit is a rewarding experience, where the power of nature is palpable. This day in Antigua is a perfect blend of history, whimsy, and adventure, leaving you with unforgettable memories.
Casa Santo Domingo is a luxury hotel and museum complex in Antigua, Guatemala, housed in a former monastery. Visitors can explore the hotel's gardens, art galleries, and archaeological sites, which showcase the region's history and culture. The complex also features restaurants, shops, and a spa, making it a popular destination for relaxation and cultural immersion.
Hobbitenango is a unique eco-lodge and restaurant in the hills above Antigua, Guatemala, inspired by the world of J.R.R. Tolkien's 'The Hobbit'. Visitors can stay in hobbit-style cabins, dine in a hobbit-themed restaurant, and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The lodge also offers hiking trails, zip lining, and other outdoor activities for nature lovers.
Pacaya Volcano is an active volcano near Antigua, Guatemala, known for its scenic hiking trails and lava fields. Visitors can hike to the summit of the volcano, where they can witness volcanic activity, such as steam vents and lava flows. The hike offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape, making it a popular adventure for outdoor enthusiasts.
Your final day in Antigua invites you to immerse yourself in the region's rich traditions at La Azotea Cultural Center. This museum and cultural center is dedicated to preserving the heritage of Guatemala, offering exhibits on coffee production, traditional weaving techniques, and Mayan culture. As you explore the center, engage in workshops and demonstrations that provide hands-on experiences, allowing you to connect with the local artisans and their crafts. The gift shop is filled with handmade items, making it a perfect place to find unique souvenirs that reflect the artistry of the region. Next, embark on a coffee tour in Antigua, where you can learn about the journey from bean to cup. Visit lush coffee plantations nestled in the volcanic slopes, where expert farmers share their knowledge of cultivation and processing. Witness the roasting and grinding techniques that create Antigua's renowned coffee, and indulge in a tasting session to savor the rich flavors and aromas. This experience not only deepens your appreciation for coffee but also highlights the importance of sustainable farming practices in the region. Conclude your journey with a visit to a jade factory in Antigua, where skilled artisans craft exquisite jewelry and sculptures from this precious stone. Learn about the history and cultural significance of jade in Mayan civilization, and admire the diverse range of colors and patterns found in Guatemalan jade. The showroom offers a chance to purchase unique pieces that embody the artistry and craftsmanship of the region. This final day in Antigua is a celebration of culture, creativity, and the enduring legacy of Guatemala's rich heritage.
La Azotea Cultural Center is a museum and cultural center in Antigua, Guatemala, dedicated to preserving and promoting the region's traditions and heritage. Visitors can learn about coffee production, traditional weaving techniques, and Mayan culture through exhibits, workshops, and demonstrations. The center also features a gift shop where visitors can purchase handmade crafts and souvenirs.
Embark on a journey from bean to cup with a coffee tour in Antigua. Explore lush coffee plantations nestled in volcanic slopes, learn about the cultivation process from expert farmers, and witness the roasting and grinding techniques that create Antigua's renowned coffee. Indulge in a tasting session to savor the rich flavors and aromas of freshly brewed coffee, while enjoying the stunning scenery of the surrounding landscape.
Discover the captivating world of jade at a jade factory in Antigua. Witness skilled artisans crafting exquisite jewelry and sculptures from this precious stone. Learn about the history and cultural significance of jade in Mayan civilization, and admire the diverse range of colors and patterns found in Guatemalan jade. Browse the showroom for unique souvenirs and appreciate the artistry behind each handcrafted piece.