City Guide for: Saqqara, Egypt

Saqqara, Egypt Guide

Saqqara, a vast ancient burial ground in Egypt, is a treasure trove of history and archaeological wonders. Dominated by the iconic Step Pyramid of Djoser, the oldest complete stone building complex known in history, Saqqara offers a captivating glimpse into the evolution of pyramid construction and ancient Egyptian funerary practices. Beyond the Step Pyramid, the site is dotted with numerous tombs, mastabas, and temples, each adorned with intricate carvings and offering insights into the lives and beliefs of the pharaohs and their officials. Visiting Saqqara is like stepping back in time, allowing you to wander through the remnants of a once-thriving necropolis. Explore the Serapeum, a subterranean complex housing the mummified remains of Apis bulls, or marvel at the vibrant reliefs within the tomb of Mereruka. Saqqara's proximity to Cairo makes it an easily accessible and unforgettable day trip for anyone interested in ancient Egyptian history and archaeology.

Food & Cuisine

While Saqqara itself doesn't have a wide array of restaurants within the immediate archaeological site, you'll find options in the surrounding villages and on the road leading to and from Cairo/Giza. These typically offer traditional Egyptian cuisine, including dishes like koshari (a mix of pasta, rice, lentils, and tomato sauce), ful medames (fava bean stew), and grilled meats like kofta and kebabs. Look for local eateries that cater to both tourists and locals for an authentic experience. Many tour operators also include lunch at a restaurant in the vicinity as part of their Saqqara tour packages.

Nightlife

Saqqara is primarily a daytime destination focused on historical and archaeological exploration. Nightlife options are virtually non-existent within Saqqara itself. Visitors seeking evening entertainment will need to return to Cairo or Giza, where a wide range of restaurants, cafes, bars, and cultural performances are available.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Saqqara is during the cooler months, from October to April. During this period, the weather is more pleasant for exploring the outdoor archaeological site, with temperatures ranging from mild to warm. Avoid visiting during the peak of summer (June to August), when temperatures can be extremely high, making it uncomfortable to spend extended periods outdoors.

Transportation

Public transportation options to Saqqara are limited. The most common and convenient way to reach Saqqara is by taxi or private car from Cairo or Giza. Some tour operators also offer organized bus tours to the site. Within the Saqqara complex itself, walking is the primary mode of transportation, so comfortable shoes are recommended.

Airport

The closest airport to Saqqara is Cairo International Airport (CAI). It is approximately 50-60 kilometers away, depending on traffic conditions. The most convenient way to travel from the airport to Saqqara is by taxi or private car. You can also arrange for a pre-booked airport transfer through your hotel or a tour operator. The journey typically takes around 1 to 1.5 hours.

Attractions

New Kingdom Tombs

New Kingdom Tombs Explore the New Kingdom Tombs in Saqqara, offering a glimpse into a later period of Egyptian history. These tombs often feature vibrant colors and intricate details, showcasing the artistic styles of the time. Discover the stories and beliefs of the individuals buried here, and appreciate the evolution of funerary practices over centuries.

Pyramid of Teti

Pyramid of Teti The Pyramid of Teti, though smaller than Djoser's, is significant as it marks the beginning of the Sixth Dynasty. Descend into the pyramid to see the well-preserved inscriptions and decorations within the burial chamber. Explore the surrounding complex, which includes the remains of temples and other structures associated with the pharaoh's mortuary cult.

Tomb of Mereruka

Tomb of Mereruka The Tomb of Mereruka is one of the largest and most elaborate tombs in Saqqara, belonging to a high-ranking official who served under King Teti. Marvel at the intricate reliefs depicting scenes of daily life, religious rituals, and Mereruka's family. The tomb offers a fascinating glimpse into the life of an elite individual during the Old Kingdom.

Imhotep Museum

Imhotep Museum The Imhotep Museum houses a collection of artifacts discovered at Saqqara, providing context and insight into the site's history. See statues, pottery, and other objects that shed light on the lives of the people who lived and worked in this ancient necropolis. The museum is a great place to start or end your visit to Saqqara.

Mastaba of Ti

Mastaba of Ti The Mastaba of Ti is a well-preserved tomb belonging to a high-ranking official from the Fifth Dynasty. Admire the detailed reliefs depicting scenes of daily life, including farming, hunting, and fishing. The tomb provides a fascinating glimpse into the activities and customs of ancient Egyptians during the Old Kingdom.

Pyramid of Unas

Pyramid of Unas The Pyramid of Unas is famous for containing the earliest known Pyramid Texts, inscriptions that provide insights into ancient Egyptian religious beliefs and funerary rituals. While the pyramid itself is in ruins, the texts within are of immense historical and religious significance. Explore the surrounding complex to appreciate the scale of this ancient monument.

Pyramid of Djoser

Pyramid of Djoser The Pyramid of Djoser, also known as the Step Pyramid, is Saqqara's crown jewel and the oldest complete stone building complex in Egypt. Explore the innovative architecture that marked a turning point in pyramid construction. Wander through the surrounding complex, including courtyards and temples, to get a sense of ancient Egyptian life and ingenuity. A must-see for any visitor to Egypt!

Serapeum of Saqqara

Serapeum of Saqqara The Serapeum is an ancient burial complex dedicated to the Apis bulls, considered sacred animals in ancient Egypt. Descend into the underground tunnels to see the massive granite sarcophagi that once held the remains of these revered creatures. The Serapeum offers a unique and mysterious glimpse into ancient Egyptian religious beliefs.

Day Trips

Giza Pyramids

Explore the iconic Giza Pyramids, including the Great Pyramid of Giza (the only remaining wonder of the ancient world), the Sphinx, and the surrounding pyramid complex. Witness the grandeur of ancient Egyptian civilization and learn about the pharaohs and their beliefs.

Travel Time

Approximately 1 hour by car/taxi

Activities
  • Visit the Great Pyramid, Sphinx, and other pyramids
  • Explore the Solar Boat Museum
  • Camel or horse riding around the pyramids
  • Sound and Light Show (evening)

Coptic Cairo

Discover the historical Coptic Cairo, a significant area for Christianity in Egypt. Visit the Hanging Church (St. Mary's Church), the Ben Ezra Synagogue, and other ancient churches and monasteries. Learn about the history of Christianity in Egypt and its unique architectural styles.

Travel Time

Approximately 1.5 - 2 hours by car/taxi (depending on traffic)

Activities
  • Visit the Hanging Church
  • Explore the Ben Ezra Synagogue
  • See the Church of St. Sergius and Bacchus
  • Visit the Coptic Museum

Dahshur Pyramids

Venture to Dahshur to see the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid, both important precursors to the Giza Pyramids. These pyramids offer a less crowded and more intimate experience of ancient Egyptian pyramid construction. The Red Pyramid is also accessible to climb inside.

Travel Time

Approximately 45 minutes by car/taxi

Activities
  • Visit the Bent Pyramid
  • Explore the Red Pyramid (climb inside)
  • See the Black Pyramid

Fayoum Oasis

Explore the lush Fayoum Oasis, one of Egypt's largest natural depressions. Visit Lake Qarun, ancient ruins, and traditional villages. Experience a different side of Egypt, with its agricultural landscapes and unique wildlife.

Travel Time

Approximately 2 - 2.5 hours by car/taxi

Activities
  • Visit Lake Qarun
  • Explore the Karanis ruins
  • Visit the Wadi El-Hitan (Whale Valley) - a UNESCO World Heritage Site with fossilized whale skeletons (requires more travel within Fayoum)
  • Visit the Tunis Village

Wadi El Rayan

Escape the city and experience the natural beauty of Wadi El Rayan, a protected area with two artificial lakes connected by a waterfall. Enjoy birdwatching, sandboarding, and stunning desert landscapes.

Travel Time

Approximately 2.5 - 3 hours by car/taxi

Activities
  • Visit the waterfalls
  • Go sandboarding
  • Birdwatching
  • Boat trip on the lake
  • Visit the Magic Lake

Islamic Cairo

Immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere of Islamic Cairo, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Explore historic mosques, madrasas (religious schools), and bustling bazaars like Khan el-Khalili. Experience the rich architectural heritage and cultural traditions of the Islamic era in Egypt.

Travel Time

Approximately 1.5 - 2 hours by car/taxi (depending on traffic)

Activities
  • Visit the Mosque of Muhammad Ali (Alabaster Mosque) in the Citadel
  • Explore the Mosque of Ibn Tulun
  • Wander through the Khan el-Khalili bazaar
  • Visit the Islamic Art Museum

Memphis

Discover the ancient capital of Egypt, Memphis, located near Saqqara. Explore the open-air museum showcasing colossal statues, including the fallen statue of Ramses II, and remnants of this once-great city. Learn about its history as a center of power and culture.

Travel Time

Approximately 30 minutes by car/taxi

Activities
  • Visit the Memphis Open Air Museum
  • See the colossal statue of Ramses II
  • Explore the alabaster sphinx