Uyuni, Bolivia Guide
Eduardo Avaroa National Reserve (REA) is not a city, but a protected area in southwestern Bolivia, near the border with Chile. It's a high-altitude desert landscape characterized by stunning volcanoes, colorful lagoons, geysers, and unique rock formations. The reserve is a major draw for tourists seeking otherworldly scenery and opportunities for wildlife viewing. The reserve's main attractions include Laguna Colorada, famous for its red-tinted waters and thousands of flamingos; the Sol de Mañana geysers, a geothermal field with bubbling mud pools and steam vents; and the surreal rock formations of the Salvador Dalí Desert. The high altitude and harsh climate make it a challenging but rewarding destination for adventurous travelers.
Food & Cuisine
Food options within the Eduardo Avaroa National Reserve are limited. Most tours include meals prepared by the tour operators, which typically consist of basic but hearty fare like soups, pasta, rice, and meat. There are very few restaurants or markets within the reserve itself. It's advisable to bring snacks and water to supplement the provided meals. Some basic supplies might be available in small settlements like Villa Mar, but selection is limited.
Nightlife
Nightlife within the Eduardo Avaroa National Reserve is virtually non-existent. The focus is on experiencing the natural beauty of the landscape during the day. Accommodation options are generally basic and located in remote areas, with limited or no entertainment facilities. The main activity at night is stargazing, as the high altitude and clear skies offer incredible views of the night sky.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit the Eduardo Avaroa National Reserve is during the dry season, which runs from April to October. During this period, the weather is generally sunny and dry, making it easier to access the various attractions. However, temperatures can drop significantly at night, so warm clothing is essential. The rainy season (November to March) can make some roads impassable and the scenery less appealing.
Transportation
Transportation within the Eduardo Avaroa National Reserve is primarily by 4x4 vehicle. Organized tours are the most common way to visit, as the terrain is rugged and there are limited public transportation options. These tours typically depart from Uyuni or Tupiza and include transportation between the various attractions within the reserve. Independent travel is possible with a suitable vehicle and experience navigating challenging off-road conditions, but it requires careful planning and preparation.
Airport
The closest airport to the Eduardo Avaroa National Reserve is Uyuni Airport (UYU), located in the town of Uyuni, approximately 200 km (124 miles) away. From Uyuni Airport, you can arrange transportation to the reserve with a tour operator or rent a 4x4 vehicle. Another option is to fly into El Alto International Airport (LPB) in La Paz, which has more international connections, and then take a domestic flight or bus to Uyuni. Transportation from Uyuni to the reserve is typically included in tour packages.
Attractions
Museo Arqueológico de Uyuni
The Archaeological Museum of Uyuni offers a glimpse into the pre-Columbian history of the region. Discover artifacts from ancient cultures that inhabited the area, including pottery, tools, and textiles. Learn about the local history and culture before exploring the Salar and surrounding landscapes. It's a small but informative museum that provides context to the region's rich past.
Incahuasi Island
This rocky island, also known as Isla del Pescado, is covered in giant cacti, some over 10 meters tall. Hike to the top for panoramic views of the Salar. It's a great spot for photography and a welcome change of scenery from the endless white salt flats. A small fee is usually charged to enter.
Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve
This reserve protects a diverse range of Andean wildlife, including flamingos, vicuñas, and viscachas. Explore the stunning landscapes of high-altitude deserts, colorful lagoons, and snow-capped volcanoes. It's a paradise for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts.
Valle de las Rocas
Located south of the Salar, this valley features bizarre rock formations sculpted by wind and erosion. Explore the surreal landscape, hike among the towering rocks, and marvel at the forces of nature that have shaped this unique environment. It's a photographer's paradise.
Laguna Colorada
Laguna Colorada is a breathtaking shallow salt lake, famous for its vibrant red hues caused by algae. Thousands of flamingos, including the rare James's flamingo, flock here, creating a spectacular sight. The stark landscape, dotted with borax islands, offers incredible photo opportunities and a unique wildlife experience. It's a must-see for any visitor to the reserve.
Árbol de Piedra
A unique rock formation shaped like a tree by wind erosion. It's a popular photo opportunity and a testament to the power of nature. Marvel at the delicate balance of the rock and the surrounding desert landscape. It's located in the Siloli Desert.
Ojos de Sal
Ojos de Sal, or Salt Eyes, are small bubbling pools of salty water on the Salar de Uyuni. These natural springs are formed by underground rivers and are a unique geological feature. Observe the bubbling water and the surrounding salt formations. It's a fascinating stop on Salar tours and offers a glimpse into the underground water system beneath the salt flats.
Train Cemetery
A haunting collection of rusting locomotives and wagons, remnants of a bygone era when Uyuni was a major railway hub. Explore the decaying machinery, take unique photos, and imagine the history of this once-bustling transportation center. It's a popular stop on Salar tours.
Salar de Uyuni
The world's largest salt flat offers surreal landscapes, especially during the rainy season when it transforms into a giant mirror reflecting the sky. Explore the vast expanse by 4x4, capture unique perspective photos, and witness breathtaking sunrises and sunsets. Don't miss the chance to stay in a salt hotel for a truly immersive experience.
Laguna Verde
Laguna Verde, at the foot of the Licancabur volcano, is renowned for its stunning emerald-green waters. The color changes with the wind and sunlight, creating a mesmerizing spectacle. The reflection of the volcano in the still water is a classic photo opportunity. The high altitude and stark beauty make it an unforgettable experience.
Ojos del Salar
These 'eyes of the salt flat' are natural springs where groundwater bubbles up through the salt crust. Observe the unique geological formations and the unusual microbial life that thrives in these salty pools. It's a fascinating glimpse into the hidden ecosystem beneath the Salar's surface.
Salar de Uyuni
The world's largest salt flat offers surreal landscapes, especially during the rainy season when it transforms into a giant mirror reflecting the sky. Explore the vast expanse by 4x4, capture unique perspective photos, and witness breathtaking sunrises and sunsets. Don't miss the chance to stay in a salt hotel for a truly immersive experience.
Árbol de Piedra (Stone Tree)
The Árbol de Piedra, or Stone Tree, is a unique rock formation sculpted by wind erosion over centuries. Its distinctive tree-like shape stands out against the vast desert landscape. It's a popular spot for photos and a testament to the power of nature. The surrounding desert offers stunning views and a sense of isolation.
Laguna Colorada
Laguna Colorada is a breathtaking shallow salt lake, famous for its vibrant red hues caused by algae. Thousands of flamingos, including the rare James's flamingo, flock here, creating a spectacular sight. The stark landscape, dotted with borax islands, offers incredible photo opportunities and a unique wildlife experience. It's a must-see for any visitor to the reserve.
Laguna Blanca
Laguna Blanca is a stunning white salt lake, named for its high mineral content. It's located near Laguna Verde and offers breathtaking views of the surrounding volcanoes and desert landscape. The contrast between the white lake and the colorful mountains creates a striking visual experience. It's a great spot for photography and enjoying the tranquility of the Altiplano.
Museo de la Sal Playa Blanca
A small museum constructed entirely of salt blocks. It's a quirky and unique place to visit, offering insights into the geology and history of the Salar. It also functions as a hotel. Take some photos and enjoy the novelty of this salty structure.
Termas de Polques
Termas de Polques are natural hot springs offering a chance to relax and soak in warm, mineral-rich waters amidst the stunning Altiplano scenery. The contrast between the cold air and the warm water is invigorating. It's a perfect spot to unwind after a day of exploring the reserve and enjoy the breathtaking views.
Desierto de Dalí (Salvador Dalí Desert)
The Salvador Dalí Desert is a surreal, barren landscape characterized by bizarre rock formations and vast open spaces. The landscape resembles a painting by Salvador Dalí, hence the name. The unique geological formations and the sense of isolation make it a truly unforgettable and photogenic location.
Volcán Licancabur
Volcán Licancabur is a majestic stratovolcano straddling the border between Bolivia and Chile. Its perfectly conical shape dominates the landscape around Laguna Verde. While climbing to the summit is challenging, the views from the base are spectacular. The volcano's reflection in Laguna Verde is a classic Altiplano image.
Colchani Salt Village
Visit this small village on the edge of the Salar to see how salt is extracted and processed. You can observe the traditional methods used by local workers and purchase salt products and handicrafts. It's a great opportunity to learn about the local culture and economy.
Cañon de Anaconda
The Cañon de Anaconda is a winding canyon carved by a river, resembling the shape of an anaconda from above. The canyon offers unique perspectives of the Altiplano landscape and is a great spot for hiking and exploring. The colorful rock formations and the sense of adventure make it a memorable experience.
Sol de Mañana Geothermal Field
Sol de Mañana is a surreal geothermal field at high altitude, featuring bubbling mud pools, steaming fumaroles, and the pungent smell of sulfur. The intense volcanic activity creates a dramatic landscape, especially at sunrise. Be prepared for the cold and the altitude, but the otherworldly scenery is well worth the effort.
Cerro Uturuncu
Cerro Uturuncu is a dormant volcano and the highest peak in southwestern Bolivia. It is known for its two summit craters. While the ascent is challenging due to the altitude, it offers panoramic views of the surrounding Altiplano landscape. The area is also known for its unique geological formations and diverse wildlife.
Day Trips
Just outside Uyuni, the Train Cemetery is a surreal and photogenic collection of rusting locomotives and wagons from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These trains were once used to transport minerals to Pacific ports, but fell into disuse as mining declined. The skeletal remains offer a glimpse into Bolivia's industrial past and provide a unique backdrop for photography. It's a popular spot to climb on the trains and explore the decaying carriages.
10-15 minutes by taxi or jeep from Uyuni While a full exploration of the Salar de Uyuni typically requires a multi-day tour, you can get a taste of its magic on a day trip focusing on the southern part, including access to Incahuasi Island. This island is a rocky outcrop in the middle of the salt flat covered in giant cacti, offering panoramic views of the surreal landscape. The drive across the salt flat itself is an unforgettable experience.
Approximately 2-2.5 hours by 4x4 from Uyuni to Incahuasi Island Pulacayo is a ghost town with a rich silver mining history. Once a thriving hub, it's now a fascinating glimpse into Bolivia's past. You can explore the abandoned buildings, including the old train station and the remnants of the mining infrastructure. It's a somewhat eerie but captivating place to wander around and imagine what life was like during its boom years.
Approximately 1.5 hours by car from Uyuni Colchani is a small salt-mining village located on the edge of the Salar de Uyuni. It's the main access point to the salt flats and offers a fascinating look into the salt extraction process. You can visit local workshops where salt is processed and learn about the traditional methods used by the villagers. It's also a great place to buy salt handicrafts and souvenirs.
30 minutes by car from Uyuni Train Cemetery (Cementerio de Trenes)
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Salar de Uyuni (Southern Part - Incahuasi Island Access)
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Pulacayo
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Colchani
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